Quantum dots are true all-rounders. These material structures, which are only a few nanometers in size, display a similar behavior to that of molecules or atoms, and their form, size and number of electrons can be modulated systematically. This means that their electrical and optical characteristics can be customized for a number of target areas, such as new display technologies, biomedical applications as well as photovoltaics and photocatalysis.

Fuel production using sunlight and water Another current line of application-oriented research aims to generate hydrogen directly from water and solar light. Hydrogen, a clean and efficient energy source, can be converted into forms of fuel that are used widely, including methanol and gasoline.

The most promising types of quantum dots previously used in energy research contain cadmium, which has been banned from many commodities due to its toxicity. The team of Greta Patzke, Professor at the Department of Chemistry of the University of Zurich, and scientists from Southwest Petroleum University in Chengdu and the Chinese Academy of Sciences have now developed a new type of nanomaterials without toxic components for photocatalysis. Indium-containing core with a thin layer of zinc sulfide The three-nanometer particles consist of a core of indium phosphide with a very thin surrounding layer of zinc sulfide and sulfide ligands. 'Compared to the quantum dots that contain cadmium, the new composites are not only environmentally friendly, but also highly efficient when it comes to producing hydrogen from light and water,' explains Greta Patzke. Sulfide ligands on the quantum dot surface were found to facilitate the crucial steps involved in light-driven chemical reactions, namely the efficient separation of charge carriers and their rapid transfer to the nanoparticle surface.

Great potential for eco-friendly applications The newly developed cadmium-free nanomaterials have the potential to serve as a more eco-friendly alternative for a variety of commercial fields. 'The water-soluble and biocompatible indium-based quantum dots can in the future also be tested in terms of biomass conversion to hydrogen. Or they could be developed into low-toxic biosensors or non-linear optical materials, for example,' adds Greta Patzke. She will continue to focus on the development of catalysts for artificial photosynthesis within the University Research Priority Program 'LightChEC.' This interdisciplinary research program aims to develop new molecules, materials and processes for the direct storage of solar light energy in chemical bonds.

The Best Eco-Friendly Sunscreens Nothing turns you into a sun-worshipping lizard more than a day on the river. Whether you’re soaked to the bone after a Mad Mile of rapids or comatose after three tuna salad sandwiches, nothing feels better than basking in the sun, but before you know it you’re burnt to a crisp. Sunscreen is one personal care habit that we river rats simply cannot skip.

If you’re in the market for something besides generic-brand grease, you may want to consider an eco-friendly product that replaces chemicals (some of which are agents of ) with healthy, sun-blocking agents like zinc oxide. These eco-friendly sunscreens will keep your pores clear and won’t leave behind nasty gunk in after a swim or three. – SPF 35 This is one of the toughest eco-friendly sunscreens on the market and with only five (that’s right five – all of which can be pronounced easily) ingredients it’s also easy on the river. This water-resistant product was designed with surfers and boaters in mind so the zinc oxide stays put and the sunflower oil keeps your skin moisturized after hours in the sun and wind. – SPF 30 AquaSport is my go-to sunscreen of choice on.

Eco Friendly On Flowvellane

The chemical-free goop doesn’t leave white, zinc residue, goes on dry and is fragrance-free. Added bonus: its mild ingredients are easy on kids sensitive skin and won’t sting their eyes. – SPF 30 This ultra-hydrating sunblock is perfect for long days spent in the heat. It contains “hydresia,” or capsules of safflower oil that release moisture into your skin over several hours. Plus, it’s paraben and pthalate-free!

– SPF 27 Super Salve’s all-natural sun salve is perfect for protecting cheeks, nose and ears during the day or during those last rays of sun as you’re soaking warmth out of the beach sand. The small containers are easy to pack and will last longer than any cream-based product.